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Author Martínez Edo, Gabriel |
Abstract In this PhD dissertation, a pH-responsive multiple drug delivery system (DDS) based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with a radial-capping of its pores has been developed. This is a new concept that relies on the functionalization of the particle surface with PEG chains substituted with a drug at its end to preserve the inner cargo of the MSN. First, the concept of radial-capping has been studied to assess the practical usefulness of such capping method. Thus, different types of charged PEGs, namely quaternary amines and neutral PEGs, have been introduced upon an MSN in order to study its capping ability. As a proof of concept, the dye safranin was loaded into the nanoparticles pores, which were subsequently capped with PEGs chains. Then, the release of safranin was assessed under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The results obtained demonstrated that PEG chains possessing positive charge provides a more efficient capping than the neutral PEGs of the same length. Using this approach, a drug delivery system (DDS) based on the radial capping for the delivery of camptothecin (CPT) and topotecan (TPT) has been studied. CPT or TPT has been loaded within the pores of an MSN, and subsequently sealed with a PEG chain decorated with doxorubicin (DOX) at its end (DOX-PEG moiety). The system is stable under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) which confirms the effectiveness of the radial capping. On the other hand, under acidic pH, a burst release of drugs takes place. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity test has demonstrated that this DDS can effectively deliver CPT and DOX to HeLa cells achieving a better synergistic effect than the combination of TPT and DOX. With the aim to improve the loading of CPT to enhance the synergistic effect with the latter system (DOX-PEG moiety), a prodrug of CPT has been synthesised. To do so, a cleavable reductive short PEG chain has been bonded to CPT. An increase of loading of 30% has been achieved in comparison with the unmodified drug. The stability of the radial-capping methodology has been tested as mentioned above. Under physiological conditions, the release of drugs is negligible. The cytotoxicity activity of the system has been tested in two different cell lines: HeLa and HepG2 cells. The results showed a better synergistic effect of this new synthesised system towards HepG2 cells. In order to further improve the selectivity of the system towards HepG2 cells, the MSN were decorated with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) ligand over the DOX-PEG moiety. Uptake studies have shown that this new system preferably accumulates in HepG2 cells in comparison to HeLa cells. Finally, a tri-deliver system of drugs has been developed with the aim to try to overcome the multiple drug-resistant (MDR) effect by the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs (DOX and CPT) with a phototherapeutic agent (phthalocyanine). In this regard, a new CPT conjugate with a phthalocyanine has been synthesised and loaded within the pores of an MSN. Then, the system has been sealed with the DOX-PEG moiety. The uptake studies have demonstrated the proper endocytosis of the system inside HeLa cells and the subsequent delivery of the three drugs in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of DOX and CPT has been assessed in vitro. |
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Director Sánchez-García, David |
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Departament IQS SE - Química Orgànica i Farmacèutica |
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Date of defense 2020-05-22
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